The Black Death The Deadliest Pandemic Essay - 1229 Words

The Black Death was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. Hundreds of thousands of people suffered a painful death that dramatically decreased the population in and around Europe. A disease so deadly and quick spreading greatly sacred the people of this time. Nothing like this had ever been encountered in the past. People looked for many explanations for this pandemic and to this day, one has yet to be found. The greatest differences in the opinions of the cause were influenced through religion. The major religions in the time where the Black Death was spreading was Christian and Muslim. The followers of these religions had very differing opinions on the reason the terrible illness was†¦show more content†¦Most bodies were put outside and hardly covered with a little dirt without divine offices. There were too many deaths to keep up with; the death bell no longer rang. Families and loved ones betrayed one another in effort to save themselves, but most were caught with it anyway. It was believed to be the end of the world. The first symptoms were a small swelling behind the ear and a bubo under the arm. A tumor was also sighted. After this they began to spit blood which gave them fifty hours at most before death followed. All of these things were accounted by both Christians and Muslims. In times like these, many turned to their religions to fill in which they did not know. Document four explains that Christians believed the Black Death was the wrath of God. They believed God was angry with the people for their sins and they must pray for repentance to relieve the plague. The Muslims looked at it much differently. They believe that everything that comes from God is good; making the Black Death good. They believed that it was Gods will for that to happen so no prayers or sacrifices were necessary to relieve it and they must accept it. There is also the nonreligious view of the Black Death. Document five shows that some nonreligious explanations in Europe say it was caused by miasma carried by warm southern winds, the March 20, 1345 conjunction of Saturn, Jupiter, and March, or the outrageous fashion of the time. SomeShow MoreRelatedEssay on Causes of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic1189 Words   |  5 Pagesin a year than the Black Death killed in a century. – John Barry Many historians call the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 the deadliest disease outbreak of all time. As many as 100 million people were killed as a direct result of this disease (Taubenberger 1). The Great Pandemic affected everyone, the prosperous and the poor, developed and underdeveloped nations. Entire villages in Alaska were wiped out because of the viral disease (Public Health Service). The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 was causedRead MoreThe 1918 Influenza Epidemic Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesWhat would later become one of the deadliest plagues the world had ever seen started innocuously enough in the spring of 1918 spreading through populations on both sides of the Atlantic. Remarkable for its highly infectious nature, the spring strain was relatively non-lethal, rarely killing infected individuals (Kolata, 1999). Thus little more than average attention was paid to the precursor of a virus that would eventually kill between twenty-one and one-hundred million individuals wo rldwide (BarryRead MoreEssay about The Black Death1660 Words   |  7 Pagestransmitted genetically. A select few of these ailments, called pandemics, are highly contagious and can afflict mass amounts of people in a short period of time. One example of a pandemic is the Black Death. 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Ebola was originally named Ebola hemorrhagic fever due to its hemorrhagic nature. It is a rare but deadly disease caused by infection from an Ebola virus vector. Ebola can be contracted by humans and nonhumans such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. The Ebola virus has been detected in blood and many body fluids, including: saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk, urine, semen, and vaginal fluids (Willett 16). Ebola can lingerRead MoreThe Epidemic : The Influenza Pandemic1322 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the severe case of the 14th century Black Death outbreak, the influenza pandemic comes in second (Tomkins 1992:181). Across much of the South Pacific, the effects of the influenza was nothing but â€Å"misery and death†¦ and nowhere were its ravages more devastating than in the South Paci fic† (Tomkins 1992:181). Within the islands of the South Pacific, the most severely hit was Western Samoa, who’s population declined incredibly by losing one fifth of their population (Ministry for Culture andRead MoreEssay On Government Surveillance1529 Words   |  7 Pagesstretch to the prevention of global pandemics. Pandemics are â€Å"global events caused by bacteria and viruses that are highly spreadable in humans† (Canadian Encyclopedia). The Black Death for example killed almost one third of the human population (Canadian Encyclopedia). More examples include the Spanish influenza which killed about 50 000 Canadians and an estimated 50 million people in the world. The Spanish flu was considered to be one of the deadliest pandemic that was ever recorded in world historyRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Bla ck Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plagueRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague1386 Words   |  6 Pagesof history since the biblical eras and has had an undeniable effect on the development of contemporary civilization Gowen, B.S. (1907). The cause of the plague is not known. However, there is religious reference of God punishing sinners causing death and destruction using this deadly disease. Throughout the years, there has been a question to be answered by historians and medical professionals. This question is: if the destructive attributes of the disease was an act of God to punish sinners orRead MoreThe Plague Of Bubonic Plague1675 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesdoubled since 2014. There have been very few, but a pathogen such as the Black Death is not to be taken lightly. The roots of this fearsome plague are very chilling to think about knowing that a mere flea can be the cause of the bubonic plagues epidemic. The more specific medical or scientific term for this disease is Yersinia Pestis. This was named after the doctor, Alexandre Yersin, who isolated the bacteria in 1894 during the pandemic that began in China in the 1860’s. The earliest traces of Y Pestis

Taking a Look at Celiac Disease - 752 Words

The digestive tract is a group of tubes that extend from the mouth to the anus. Digestive diseases range from the occasional upset stomach to the more life-threatening cancers and infections within the liver, the gallbladder, and the pancreas. Most digestive diseases are prevalent in the elderly. Intestinal infections such as gastroenteritis and appendicitis are higher in among infants and children. Other diseases like hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic liver disease, occur more commonly among teenagers and middle-aged adults. The celiac disease is a digestive disease that damages the lining of the small intestine and an abnormal immune reaction to gluten. Celiac disease is a genetic disease. The disease does not always immediately happen; sometimes it has to be triggered. Some things that can trigger this disease or make it become active are childbirth, pregnancy, heavy emotional stress, a viral infection, and even after surgery. The damage of the intestine makes it difficult for the absorption of nutrients from food such as fat, calcium, iron and folate. Those with this disease cannot intake gluten which is found in wheat, rye, and barely. When people with the celiac disease eat foods or use products that contain gluten, their immune system responds by destroying the villi, finger-like projections of the mucous membrane lining the small intestine. Villi are what allow the nutrients from foods we intake to be absorbed into the walls of the smallShow MoreRelatedGluten, Wheat And Grain Products915 Words   |  4 Pagesbuckwheat. Some common symptoms of celiac disease include gas, bloating, fatigue, diarrhea and skin rashes. One way that celiac disease can be diagnosed is through a blood test that tests for antibodies specialized to celiac disease. 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In fact, Despite popular belief, celiac disease is a serious genetic autoimmune disease, not the latest fad diet, according to the organizationRead MoreEssay about Understanding Celiac Disease2445 Words   |  10 Pagesdiagnosed patients, there is no recognized cure for Celiac disease. What the individual must do instead, is change their diet completely. Some may think that changing a diet around is no big deal and in fact, that may be true until it happens to them. Similar to many other aspects of life, nothing seems to be a problem or as severe until it directly affects the person who thinks it is not a big issue. This makes people diagnosed with Celiac disease lives challenging. On top of having to change theirRead MoreEssay about The College Diet and Its Effect On Eating Habits1488 Words   |  6 Pagesspecial dietary needs that are not being completely met through on-campus dining. Karrin Moore, a Northeastern middler, has Celiac disease, also known as gluten intolerance. It is a genetic disorder that affects 1 in 133 Americans. Symptoms of celiac disease can range from things such as diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition. The only acceptable treatment for celiac disease is strict adherence to a 100% gluten-free diet for life. A gluten-free diet means avoiding all products that contain wheatRead MoreCaring For Pregnant Women With Autoimmune Diseases2310 Words   |  10 PagesCaring For Pregnant Women with Autoimmune Diseases Having an autoimmune disease while pregnant increases the risk of the pregnancy on the mother and fetus. Ironically, most autoimmune diseases predominantly affect women (Goebel, 2015). To make the problem worse, most of the data available on safe treatments for these diseases during pregnancy comes from animal data (since trials on pregnant women are often considered immoral or too dangerous). These medications, based primarily on animal studiesRead MoreThe Human Species Is The Endless Search For Individual Perfection1471 Words   |  6 Pagesa gluten-free diet: â€Å"the number of Americans following a gluten-free diet tripled between 2009 and 2014, but diagnoses of celiac disease remained stable during that same period† (Kim). Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. The distorted image of gluten in the media is due to food companies taking advantage of gluten-insensitive people’s drives fo r perfection in order to make more profit. In reality, gluten has no badRead MoreChoosing A For A Hot August797 Words   |  4 Pagesnext few days more investigations were performed that proved inconclusive. We even ruled out abdominal tuberculosis. As a last resort the doctor ordered an endoscopy with biopsy. The results showed classic atrophic villi, therefore a diagnosis of celiac disease was made, even though tissue transglutaminase had come out negative earlier in the course of diagnosis. Later on she was also diagnosed with IgA deficiency, hence the negative Transglutaminase test. Through all this, what fascinated me was how

Proposal for a Replacement of the Failing Social S Essay Example For Students

Proposal for a Replacement of the Failing Social S Essay ecurity SystemMy assignment was to imagine that the Social Security system was about to go bankrupt and to create a plan or program to replace it. 1.Institute more job training programs for disabled. 2.Many disabled individuals are punished for working. Their social security checks are halted if they are employed. Even the paycheck from a 40 hour workweek is not enough to cover their medical and special assistance needs. Perhaps decrease their payments without canceling them so they can maintain a reasonable standard of living. 3.Starting with companies that receive federal funding, encourage the creation of an objective evaluation system. Each employee will be evaluated every six months. If deficiencies in the average performance of their duties are detected a meeting will be set up. At this meeting the deficiencies will be brought to the attention of the employee. Remedies to the deficiencies (becoming a part-time employee, additional training, adaptive training, etc.) will be offered. If the remedies are accepted, the employee will be evaluated in six months. If the deficiencies in their average performance have not been significantly decreased they will immediately become part to half-time employees for one month. They will be dismissed at the end of this month. 4.Full-service retirement adaptation centers will be established in all communities. These will be staffed by volunteer and paid retirees. If a retiree is interested in enrolling in college the center will assist them in filling out application and financial aid paperwork. Retired teachers and professors could provide tutoring for fellow retirees and other pupils in college and the public school systems. Every class in the public school system could have a foster grandparent. Retired aerobics instructors and exercise physiologists could conduct physical fitness programs. Retired mental health professionals could conduct group and individual therapy sessions. 5.The home-bound and seriously ill elderly could receive hospice-style nursing care and medical evaluations from retired nurses and doctors. Retired rehabilitation specialists (P.T.s and O.T.s) could also visit the home-bound elderly to make sure they lose as little physical functioning possible. Retired mental health professionals could also visit. Retired plumbers, electricians, housekeepers, landscape artists, and construction personnel could also offer their services. All the in-home personnel would be volunteers. The volunteers would be assured that if they ever became home-bound and ill, they would receive the same services they are providing now for no cost. Those retired persons who did not volunteer would be charged a small monthly fee for services provided. This fee would help run the retirement adaptation centers and cover the traveling costs of in-home volunteers. 6.Hopefully the volunteers could reduce the number of elderly in nursing homes and hospices. 7.Meals could be provided by the centers. Most of the food could come from restaurants. They throw away a LOT of food that is still good. Bibliography:

Nelson Mandela and Unitive Leadership-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a reflective essay on a Person, Historical or Current, that you consider to be a Leader. Answer: Nelson Mandela was a successful leader because of the charismatic traits of leadership such as compassionate, continuous learner, ethical, unifier, and servant and had the characteristics of self-sacrifice. According to me, the aforementioned traits enabled Nelson Mandela to end the Apartheid movement in the Southern Africa. For example, the compassionate trait of Nelson Mandela allowed him to think for the betterment of the county and the people without considering own needs. Nelson Mandela sacrificed 27 years of his life in prison for the independence of his people and country and was proud about his vision. According to me, his characteristics of being a continuous Larner, compassion for his country and the ability of self-sacrifice made him a great leader of all time (Senge, Hamilton, Kania, 2015). This essay introduces about the great leader Nelson Mandela, a world political leader who devoted his life for the betterment of South Africa and spend almost 27 years in jail as the British imprisoned him for his fight against them. Nelson Mandela was born on 18th July 1918 in a village near Transkei who was one of the members of the African National Congress under the leadership of Anton Lembede. In 1960, Nelson Mandela proposed the formation of a military wing within ANC. In 1963, Nelson Mandela was voted the head for overthrowing the government by violence. Nelson Mandelas statement was highly appreciated internationally. However, in 12th June 1964, eight accused along with Nelson Mandela was sentenced imprisonment. It is during his imprisonment; Nelson Mandelas reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in Southern Africa. Nelson Mandela became the potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement. As a great leader, Nelson Mandela refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom (Carlin, 2012). According to me, Nelson Mandela had the ability of visualise differently for the better future conditions of the people along with deciding the ways of achieving them. This is one of the characteristics of charismatic leadership that allowed him to have a vision for better future. Due to this trait, I think Nelson Mandela was able to be a leader by inspiration. As a result, Nelson Mandela articulated a highly emotional message by using metaphors to the citizens and clarifying the goal to the nation and its people. He also had the ability to lead the nation by inspiring the people through story telling in terms of better future. Nelson Mandela had a charismatic leadership style, as he was the one who created the vision of ending Apartheid movement in the Southern Africa for the entire nation. As a leader, Nelson Mandela was always enthusiastic in the activities and challenges that came across while fulfilling the vision by being optimistic and energetic. According to me, this trait of Nelson Mandela that helped in motivating and inspiring the nation to achieve the independence by overcoming the obstacles (Howell, 2013). According to me, Nelson Mandela also had the characteristics of transformational leadership, as he was the one who rose awareness among the people regrading stopping Apartheid movement for the betterment of the country. The transformational leadership nature of Nelson Mandela allowed him to help the people to look beyond their self-interest but to consider the betterment of the entire nation. Therefore, as the people were able to look beyond their self-interest, I think it helped them in having a better understanding of the need for the change. Nelson Mandela was also able to build trust within the people that if they support him, he will bring the change for the country and its people (Dennerberg, 2014). Nelson Mandela used a democratic leadership style that provided an opportunity for him to facilitate reconciliatory communication between the different social groups of Southern Africa. According to me, this lead to a dramatic improvement in the political situation of the nation. The main feature of democratic leadership style is to encourage participation from all. During Nelson Mandelas imprisonment, the speech given by him highlighted the significance of involving all the South African citizens in the movement towards achieving the change. This is because I believe a change cannot take place above the heads or behind the backs of the people that participate in bringing the change (Allison Goethals, 2014). According to me, the charismatic nature of Nelson Mandela allowed him to visualise and convince others that courage does not signify the absence of fear. This mindset of Nelson Mandela allowed him to pretend and appear fearless. I think the fearless appearance of Nelson Mandela that helped him motivate and inspire others. According to me, a great leader should be proud of the vision and should hold his head high in any circumstances while achieving the vision. Nelson Mandela was a perfect example of this leadership nature as he was proud of his vision. The inmates said they watched Nelson Mandela walk with the head high, upright and proud, as he knew he was a role model for his nation and the rest of the world. This sense of achievement as an individual made it easier for Nelson Mandela to survive in the prison. I think that as a leader it is important to make the people understand that one needs to be proud of his vision. This is the only possible way that a leader can motivate and inspire the surrounding people to work towards the change regardless of anything and achieve it successfully (Joffe, 2013). Another characteristic of Nelson Mandela that makes him one of the greatest leaders is he believes of leading from the front but without leaving his base. I think as a great leader Nelson Mandela had the ability to think ahead time and visualise the outcomes of the change in the coming decades. Nelson Mandela knew that history was on his side and that the results are inevitable. The characteristics of Nelson Mandela to think ahead of time is a sign of great leader (O'fallon, 2012). According to me, the ability to view things in terms of decades is what allows the leaders motivate and convince the population about the change and its impact on future. The immensely strong self-believe and the pride are what made Nelson Mandela one of the greatest charismatic leaders of all time. According to me, this leadership nature of Nelson Mandela allowed him to see the positive impact of the end of Apartheid movement for the people of South Africa without being afraid thereby, bringing the change successfully (Beresford, 2014). Therefore, I can conclude that Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest charismatic leaders of all time who is selfless, fearless and believe on the vision in terms of decades allowed him to bring the change successfully for the South Africa References Allison, Goethals, . (2014). Now He Belongs to the Ages: The Heroic Leadership Dynamic and Deep Narratives of Greatness. Beresford. (2014). Nelson Mandela and the politics of South Africa's unfinished liberation. Review of African Political Economy, 297-305. Carlin. (2012). Invictus: Nelson Mandela and the game that made a nation. Atlantic Books Ltd. Dennerberg. (2014). Nelson Mandela:" no Easy Walk to Freedom. Scholastic Inc. Howell. (2013). Snapshots of great leadership. Routledge. Joffe. (2013). The State Vs. Nelson Mandela: The Trial that Changed South Africa. Oneworld Publications. O'fallon. (2012). Nelson Mandela and unitive leadership. Integral Leadership Review, 1-20. Senge, Hamilton, Kania, . (2015). The dawn of system leadership. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 27-33.